Wari ginsa tiriha tikwalal titalโt aree iRoomyi daman wa wโArabi daman wa irโikaab haay shagaamiin. Aat taana timuhimmi rabakaat diraasaatiida shanhata.
@juliencooper
Egyptologist, Nubiologist, personwholikesdeserts ๐ฆ๐บ. Director, Atbai Survey Project https://x.com/Atbai01; https://www.facebook.com/share/19bQJmdZjj/?mibextid=LQQJ4d. Australian Research Council Future Fellow, Macquarie University.
Wari ginsa tiriha tikwalal titalโt aree iRoomyi daman wa wโArabi daman wa irโikaab haay shagaamiin. Aat taana timuhimmi rabakaat diraasaatiida shanhata.
Some types, particularly circular crushing devices with a hole, are usually associated with later Roman and Arab period gold-mining. We need many further studies on these important objects.
ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุนุ ุฎุตูุตูุง ุฃุฏูุงุช ุงูุณุญู ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑูุฉ ุงูู ุซููุจุฉุ ู ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉู ุจูุชุฑุฉ ุงูุชุนุฏูู ุงูุฐูุจู ุงูุฑูู ุงููุฉ ูุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ ุงููุงุญูุฉ. ูุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู ู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงูุฅุถุงููุฉ ุญูู ูุฐู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูู ูู ุฉ.
Yโulama een ijinsaay waasti darrarabyaan, wโumir isinyaab iiktiyeenaada taru uhabir uhaay takaakw iiktyeenaayda. Jinsaab gwadib een baree ihanaaga tโiiteeb idaman iMasri ishโiyaani doorii haay shagaamin (2000 umiilaadi dabaay) wa harโii wa.
Scholars have tried to group these into types, based on the age and technology of the macroliths. Some types like these curved ones are used from ancient Egyptian times (c. 2000 BCE) and onwards.
ุญุงูู ุงูุนูู ุงุก ุชุตููู ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุนุ ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุนู ุฑ ูุชูููููุฌูุง ุงูู ูุฑูููุซ. ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุน ู ุซู ูุฐู ุงูู ููุณุฉ ูุงูุช ู ุณุชุฎุฏู ุฉ ู ูุฐ ุงูุนุตูุฑ ุงูู ุตุฑูุฉ ุงููุฏูู ุฉ (ุญูุงูู 2000 ูุจู ุงูู ููุงุฏ) ูู ุง ุจุนุฏูุง.
#Eetbaay. Marcroliths ( yโawi iwawinneet tabu) Eetbaay kastiyoo bararta. Abreet udammโraay manaajmeeb itmariin, jiniska agriisoo udimmโraayt sinโakooy wa huugtii wa tishiishboobiit saraad hooy ibari.
#Atbai. Macroliths (large stone tools) are scattered all over the Atbai. Commonly found at goldmines, each type has a different surface perfectly suited for crushing and grinding gold ore. #Sudan #archaeology
# ุฃูุชุจุงู. ุงูู ูุฑูููุซ (ุงูุฃุฏูุงุช ุงูุญุฌุฑูุฉ ุงููุจูุฑุฉ) ู ูุชุดุฑุฉ ูู ุฌู ูุน ุฃูุญุงุก ุงูุฃูุชุจุงู. ุชูุฌุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉู ูู ู ูุงุฌู ุงูุฐูุจุ ูููู ููุน ุณุทุญ ู ุฎุชูู ููุงุณุจ ุชู ุงู ูุง ุณุญู ูุทุญู ุฎุงู ุงูุฐูุจ. #ุงูุณูุฏุงู
3/3 ูู ุดุฑู ุงูุณูุฏุงู ุชูุทู ุฃู ุทุงุฑ ุนูู ุงูุณุงุญู ูู ุงูุดุชุงุก ุ ูุชุชููู ุงูุตุญุฑุงุก ุงูุฏุงุฎููุฉ ุฃู ุทุงุฑ ุงูุตูู ูุงูุฎุฑูู. ูุฐูุฑ ุงูู ุคุฑุฎ ุงูุนุฑุจู ุงุจู ุญููู ุฃู ุงูุจุฌุง ุงุชุจุนุช ูู ุท ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ูุฐุง ู ูุฐ ุงููุฑู ุงูุนุงุดุฑุ ู ู ุง ุฌุนู ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ุงูู ูุณู ูุฉ ุงูุจุฏููุฉ ุฌุฒุกุง ุฏุงุฆู ุง ู ู ุซูุงูุฉ ุงูุจุฌุง.
2/3 ููู
ุง ูุงูุช ุงูุธุฑูู ุฃูุซุฑ ุฌูุงูุง ุ ุฒุงุฏุช ุชูุฑุงุฑ ุงูุชููู. ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุญูุงู ูู ุงูู
ูุงุทู ุดุฏูุฏุฉ ุงูุฎุตูุจุฉ ุ ุชููู ุงูุชูููุงุช
ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู
ููุฏุฉ ููุบุงูุฉ ุ ููู
ูู ููุจุฏู ุฃู ูุณุชูุฑูุง ู
ู ููุช ูุขุฎุฑ ูุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงูู
ุญุงุตูู ุฃู ุงูุนุซูุฑ ุนูู ุนู
ู ูู ุงูู
ุฏู.
1/3 #ุงูุชุจุงู. ู ุชู ูุฃูู ูููู ูุงู ููุชูู ุงูุจุฏูุ ูุชุญุฑู ุงูุจุฏู ูุฃุณุจุงุจ ุนุฏูุฏุฉ ุ ูููู ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุดููุนุง ูู ุงูุญูุงุธ ุนูู ุญูุงุฉ ูุตุญุฉ ูุทุนุงููู ู ูุงููุตูู ุฅูู ุงูู ุฑุงุนู ูุงูู ูุงู ุงูู ุฎุชููุฉ . #ุงูุณูุฏุงู.
3/3 Suudaaneeb umahiib uubri ugunbiib wiyaab eeymi, wโalliiwa tusabboo wa umhagaayeeb gwโeen. Ibn hoogal iyadni umuโarrikh wโArabi tubhaawyi oon oobeer ugarin utamnaay beeriin diyaabu, tuut tuna ubeer tubdhaayeeti sifa ibaangaadneeb iha.
3/3 In eastern Sudan there are rains on the coast in winter, and the interior desert receives summer and autumn rains. The historian Ibn Hawqal mentions that the Beja followed this movement pattern back in the 10th century, making nomadic seasonal movements an enduring part of the Beja culture.
2/3 Udamaan dimma kaab ikatyeebka rabaka beer beereen. Door gaal aree imhiinan idaayikaab udawil beer daayikaab ikati. Ibarri inda shalik door bibeerayni dayni been oodoor dirโaat shagameen, taru isuugaayeeb dhadhbeen.
2/3 The drier the conditions, the more frequent the movement. Sometimes in extremely fertile areas movements are very small is very restricted, and nomads could even settle for time to time to grow crops or find employment in towns.
1/3 #Eetbaay. Naador wa nan mhiin wa kak, ibarri inda beeriin? Ibarri inda, gwidaat yaakwyaateeda beereen. Uubeer dehaay ikatyeet tinaateeb turabakaat ureewiitoo shidehanooy wa ureewyoo delhiiwaa ya. Eebree wa ookwraayw a ikatimneet toona.
1/3 #Atbai. When, where, and how did nomads move? Nomads move for many reasons, but the most common is to keep their herd alive and healthy, accessing different pastures and water. #sudan #archaeology #nomads (Bidhaawyeet/Beja translation below)
It was an honour and a privilege to meet the Zaghawa Sudanese community in Sydney at Iftar and learn more about their culture. Thanks to Musab Abdulkarim for the invitation. Wishing for peace in Sudan at this difficult time #Sudan #KeepEyesOnSudan
Some ancient goldmines in the Eastern Desert are hard to spot, just tiny lumps or small excavations. This one at Gebel Rafit is a lot more obvious! a huge chunk (20x17x 10m) of the hill has been removed, exposing a vein of quartz for processing. #Nubia #Sudan #Egyptology #gold
Last week Michael Zellmann-Rohrer & I taught a summer school on ancient Sudanese languages (Old Nubian+Meroitic) - 1st time teaching Meroitic for me, super fun class and a first in Aus (+s.hemisphere?). Hope to teach it again in the future. #sudan #archaeology
3/3 We know this is an ancient practice because ancient papyri speak of branding camels with letter-like shapes. In one case the king of the Blemmyes, Kharakhen, even signed his name with a camel brand!
3/3 Hinin uun uuslif shโya silif ikatyeet toona nikteen, tiburdia tishโya tikamti almi iharfa tโiiteet alaamaatee iiktiinaay hadiideen. Door gaalnaay ibileemyi malik Keharaaykehan oosmoo kaamtiit alaamaatii widhaabu.
3/3 ูุญู ูุนูู ุฃู ูุฐู ู ู ุงุฑุณุฉ ูุฏูู ุฉ ูุฃู ุงูุจุฑุฏูุงุช ุงููุฏูู ุฉ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู ูุถุน ุงูุนูุงู ุงุช ุงููุณู ูุฉ ุนูู ุงูุงุจู ุจุฃุดูุงู ุชุดุจู ุงูุญุฑูู. ุญุชู ุงู ู ูู ุงูุจููู ููู ุ ููุฑุงููููุ ูู ุฅุญุฏู ุงูุญุงูุงุช ููุน ุงุณู ู ุจุนูุงู ุฉ ูุณู ููุฅุจู! #ุงูุงุซุงุฑ #ุงูุณูุฏุงู
2/3 The rock art wusum reflect the past and present practice of branding camels with distinctive marks on different parts of the camel, demonstrating which tribe owns the camel. There are hundreds of different symbols in the repertoire!
2/3 Yโaweeyeeda iheen inagsha , suur wa tโaa wa iheeb ooslif, teekamteeda alaamaat gatka tooraaw baatโiit igriisoo mhiin idโneet, tugabiila tikamteet kina haay titookkiin. Gwidaat alaama teen bateesoo yโaweeyeeda katabt iheen.
2/3 ุชุนูุณ ุงูุฑุณูู ุงูุตุฎุฑูุฉ ุงูู ู ุงุฑุณุงุช ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ ูุงูุญุงููุฉ ุงูู ุชู ุซูุฉ ูู ูุถุน ุนูุงู ุงุช ู ู ูุฒุฉ ุนูู ุงูุฅุจู ุนูู ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู ุฎุชููุฉ ู ู ุงูุฅุจูุ ู ู ุง ูุฏู ุนูู ุงููุจููุฉ ุงูุชู ุชู ุชูู ุงูุฅุจู. ููุงู ุงูู ุฆุงุช ู ู ุงูุฑู ูุฒ ุงูู ุฎุชููุฉ ูู ุงูุณุฌู.
1/3 #Atbai Field. Wusum symbols or camel brands are one of the most important finds in the rock art record of Eastern Sudan, often appearing near important wells or passes.
1/3 # Eetbaay. Tuโiibaab. Tikamteet alaama wโawayda kwhamaat, Suudaneeb umahiib (Eetbaayeeb), yโaweeyeeda iheent ingshaayeeb hooy alya kaata. Oodoor urabakaab, aat tiโalaama, tireeti gadmwa isallaayi gadmwa laween.
1/3 ุงูุชุจุงู # ุงูุนู ู ุงูู ูุฏุงู. ุชุนุฏ ุฑู ูุฒ ุงููุณูู ุฃู ุนูุงู ุงุช ุงูุงุจู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ู ู ุฃูู ุงูุงูุชุดุงูุงุช ูู ุณุฌู ุงูุฑุณูู ุงูุตุฎุฑูุฉ ูู ุดุฑู ุงูุณูุฏุงู ุ ูุบุงูุจุง ู ุง ุชุธูุฑ ุจุงููุฑุจ ู ู ุงูุขุจุงุฑ ุฃู ุงูุฏุฑูุจ ุงูู ูู ุฉ. Bidhaawyeet and English below