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Julien Cooper

@juliencooper

Egyptologist, Nubiologist, personwholikesdeserts ๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡บ. Director, Atbai Survey Project https://x.com/Atbai01; https://www.facebook.com/share/19bQJmdZjj/?mibextid=LQQJ4d. Australian Research Council Future Fellow, Macquarie University.

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Latest posts by Julien Cooper @juliencooper

Wari ginsa tiriha tikwalal titalโ€™t aree iRoomyi daman wa wโ€™Arabi daman wa irโ€™ikaab haay shagaamiin. Aat taana timuhimmi rabakaat diraasaatiida shanhata.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Some types, particularly circular crushing devices with a hole, are usually associated with later Roman and Arab period gold-mining. We need many further studies on these important objects.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุณุญู‚ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู‚ูˆุจุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุญู‚ุฉ. ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Yโ€™ulama een ijinsaay waasti darrarabyaan, wโ€™umir isinyaab iiktiyeenaada taru uhabir uhaay takaakw iiktyeenaayda. Jinsaab gwadib een baree ihanaaga tโ€™iiteeb idaman iMasri ishโ€™iyaani doorii haay shagaamin (2000 umiilaadi dabaay) wa harโ€™ii wa.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Scholars have tried to group these into types, based on the age and technology of the macroliths. Some types like these curved ones are used from ancient Egyptian times (c. 2000 BCE) and onwards.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุชุตู†ูŠู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุฑ ูˆุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑูˆู„ูŠุซ. ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆุณุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ (ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 2000 ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ) ูˆู…ุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

#Eetbaay. Marcroliths ( yโ€™awi iwawinneet tabu) Eetbaay kastiyoo bararta. Abreet udammโ€™raay manaajmeeb itmariin, jiniska agriisoo udimmโ€™raayt sinโ€™akooy wa huugtii wa tishiishboobiit saraad hooy ibari.

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

#Atbai. Macroliths (large stone tools) are scattered all over the Atbai. Commonly found at goldmines, each type has a different surface perfectly suited for crushing and grinding gold ore. #Sudan #archaeology

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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# ุฃูŠุชุจุงูŠ. ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑูˆู„ูŠุซ (ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ) ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุฃูŠุชุจุงูŠ. ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุฌู… ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุณุทุญ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุณุญู‚ ูˆุทุญู† ุฎุงู… ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ. #ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†

04.07.2025 06:19 ๐Ÿ‘ 1 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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3/3 ููŠ ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุชู‡ุทู„ ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุŒ ูˆุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู ูˆุงู„ุฎุฑูŠู. ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคุฑุฎ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงุจู† ุญูˆู‚ู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฌุง ุงุชุจุนุช ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑุŒ ู…ู…ุง ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุกุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ู† ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุจุฌุง.

05.05.2025 03:06 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

2/3 ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฌูุงูุง ุŒ ุฒุงุฏุช ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„. ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุจุฉ ุŒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ุงุช
ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ูŠุณุชู‚ุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†.

05.05.2025 03:06 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

1/3 #ุงูŠุชุจุงูŠ. ู…ุชู‰ ูˆุฃูŠู† ูˆูƒูŠู ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆุŸ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุจุฏูˆ ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุตุญุฉ ู‚ุทุนุงู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ูˆุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุนูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ . #ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†.

05.05.2025 03:06 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

3/3 Suudaaneeb umahiib uubri ugunbiib wiyaab eeymi, wโ€™alliiwa tusabboo wa umhagaayeeb gwโ€™een. Ibn hoogal iyadni umuโ€™arrikh wโ€™Arabi tubhaawyi oon oobeer ugarin utamnaay beeriin diyaabu, tuut tuna ubeer tubdhaayeeti sifa ibaangaadneeb iha.

05.05.2025 03:05 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

3/3 In eastern Sudan there are rains on the coast in winter, and the interior desert receives summer and autumn rains. The historian Ibn Hawqal mentions that the Beja followed this movement pattern back in the 10th century, making nomadic seasonal movements an enduring part of the Beja culture.

05.05.2025 03:05 ๐Ÿ‘ 1 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

2/3 Udamaan dimma kaab ikatyeebka rabaka beer beereen. Door gaal aree imhiinan idaayikaab udawil beer daayikaab ikati. Ibarri inda shalik door bibeerayni dayni been oodoor dirโ€™aat shagameen, taru isuugaayeeb dhadhbeen.

05.05.2025 03:05 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

2/3 The drier the conditions, the more frequent the movement. Sometimes in extremely fertile areas movements are very small is very restricted, and nomads could even settle for time to time to grow crops or find employment in towns.

05.05.2025 03:05 ๐Ÿ‘ 1 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

1/3 #Eetbaay. Naador wa nan mhiin wa kak, ibarri inda beeriin? Ibarri inda, gwidaat yaakwyaateeda beereen. Uubeer dehaay ikatyeet tinaateeb turabakaat ureewiitoo shidehanooy wa ureewyoo delhiiwaa ya. Eebree wa ookwraayw a ikatimneet toona.

05.05.2025 03:05 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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1/3 #Atbai. When, where, and how did nomads move? Nomads move for many reasons, but the most common is to keep their herd alive and healthy, accessing different pastures and water. #sudan #archaeology #nomads (Bidhaawyeet/Beja translation below)

05.05.2025 03:05 ๐Ÿ‘ 3 ๐Ÿ” 2 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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It was an honour and a privilege to meet the Zaghawa Sudanese community in Sydney at Iftar and learn more about their culture. Thanks to Musab Abdulkarim for the invitation. Wishing for peace in Sudan at this difficult time #Sudan #KeepEyesOnSudan

24.03.2025 02:00 ๐Ÿ‘ 3 ๐Ÿ” 2 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Some ancient goldmines in the Eastern Desert are hard to spot, just tiny lumps or small excavations. This one at Gebel Rafit is a lot more obvious! a huge chunk (20x17x 10m) of the hill has been removed, exposing a vein of quartz for processing. #Nubia #Sudan #Egyptology #gold

14.02.2025 05:18 ๐Ÿ‘ 2 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Last week Michael Zellmann-Rohrer & I taught a summer school on ancient Sudanese languages (Old Nubian+Meroitic) - 1st time teaching Meroitic for me, super fun class and a first in Aus (+s.hemisphere?). Hope to teach it again in the future. #sudan #archaeology

12.01.2025 03:14 ๐Ÿ‘ 6 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

3/3 We know this is an ancient practice because ancient papyri speak of branding camels with letter-like shapes. In one case the king of the Blemmyes, Kharakhen, even signed his name with a camel brand!

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 2 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

3/3 Hinin uun uuslif shโ€™ya silif ikatyeet toona nikteen, tiburdia tishโ€™ya tikamti almi iharfa tโ€™iiteet alaamaatee iiktiinaay hadiideen. Door gaalnaay ibileemyi malik Keharaaykehan oosmoo kaamtiit alaamaatii widhaabu.

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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3/3 ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุณู…ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุจู„ ุจุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู. ุญุชู‰ ุงู† ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠู…ูŠูŠู† ุŒ ูƒู‡ุฑุงูŠูƒู‡ู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ูˆู‚ุน ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ูˆุณู… ู„ู„ุฅุจู„! #ุงู„ุงุซุงุฑ #ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

2/3 The rock art wusum reflect the past and present practice of branding camels with distinctive marks on different parts of the camel, demonstrating which tribe owns the camel. There are hundreds of different symbols in the repertoire!

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

2/3 Yโ€™aweeyeeda iheen inagsha , suur wa tโ€™aa wa iheeb ooslif, teekamteeda alaamaat gatka tooraaw baatโ€™iit igriisoo mhiin idโ€™neet, tugabiila tikamteet kina haay titookkiin. Gwidaat alaama teen bateesoo yโ€™aweeyeeda katabt iheen.

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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2/3 ุชุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู… ุงู„ุตุฎุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ููŠ ูˆุถุน ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุจู„ุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุจู„. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู„.

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

1/3 #Atbai Field. Wusum symbols or camel brands are one of the most important finds in the rock art record of Eastern Sudan, often appearing near important wells or passes.

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

1/3 # Eetbaay. Tuโ€™iibaab. Tikamteet alaama wโ€™awayda kwhamaat, Suudaneeb umahiib (Eetbaayeeb), yโ€™aweeyeeda iheent ingshaayeeb hooy alya kaata. Oodoor urabakaab, aat tiโ€™alaama, tireeti gadmwa isallaayi gadmwa laween.

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 0 ๐Ÿ” 0 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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1/3 ุงูŠุชุจุงูŠ # ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู†. ุชุนุฏ ุฑู…ูˆุฒ ุงู„ูˆุณูˆู… ุฃูˆ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงุจู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงูุงุช ููŠ ุณุฌู„ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู… ุงู„ุตุฎุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุŒ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุจุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ. Bidhaawyeet and English below

03.01.2025 06:21 ๐Ÿ‘ 1 ๐Ÿ” 1 ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1 ๐Ÿ“Œ 0