Immunity

HIF-1α+ CD4+ T cells coordinate a tissue-resident immune cell network in the lung Tertiary lymphoid structures are critical components of tissue immunity, necessitating better understanding of their organization and immune functions. De Lima et al. investigate the spatial and tempo...

Excited to share our work published in @cp-immunity.bsky.social! We investigated the role of HIF-1α in CD4 T cells using #Xenium spatial transcriptomics in infected lungs containing #TertiaryLymphoidStructures (TLS) (1/10).

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HIF-1α+ CD4+ T cells coordinate a tissue-resident immune cell network in the lung Tertiary lymphoid structures are critical components of tissue immunity, necessitating better understanding of their organization and immune functions. De Lima et al. investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung HIF-1α-active CD4⁺ T cells. They show that HIF-1α activity sustains lung-resident CD4+ T cells that organize an IL-21-dependent immune network, integrating local protection during infection and cancer.

Online now: HIF-1α+ CD4+ T cells coordinate a tissue-resident immune cell network in the lung

Macrophage metabolic exhaustion and PANoptotic cell death drive chronic tissue inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid joints contain macrophages with reparative potential, yet inflammation persists. Huang et al. demonstrate that these homeostatic macrophages lose their protective role by undergoing PANoptotic death. Mechanistically, C1q activates the mitochondrial enzyme SARM1, driving NAD⁺ cleavage into cADPR, which precipitates metabolic collapse and PANoptosis. The resulting macrophage death amplifies autoimmune tissue inflammation through the release of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Online now: Macrophage metabolic exhaustion and PANoptotic cell death drive chronic tissue inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis

Spatiotemporal dynamics of CXCL10 encode contextual immune information revealed by the genetically encoded fluorescent sensor (Immunity 58, 2320–2335.e1–e9; September 9, 2025)

Online now: Spatiotemporal dynamics of CXCL10 encode contextual immune information revealed by the genetically encoded fluorescent sensor

Early bird registration ends today!

We’re offering exclusive in-person 1:1 meetings with Cell Press editors for participants of @CellSymposia #CSImmuneHomeostasis26 in Shanghai, China (May 11–13, 2026).
Early bird registration ends today!
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Human immune aging Artyomov and colleagues provide an overview of studies on age-related changes in the human immune system, from early flow cytometry research to more recent findings using single-cell and advanced cyto...

Curious about human immune aging and the cutting-edge tools now used to study it? Check out Maxim Artyomov’s review in @cp-immunity.bsky.social. A great primer before the Immunoschool kicks off in 3 weeks, www.cell.com/immunity/ful...

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New paper reveals how the human immune system fights #malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, opening new avenues to develop #vaccines against the most widespread form of malaria. Published in @cp-immunity.bsky.social
@burnetinstitute.bsky.social @wehi-research.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1016/j.im...

Intermittent fasting evicts long-lived plasma cells from survival niche Nature Reviews Immunology - Zhu et al. report in Immunity that ketogenesis resulting from intermittent fasting causes the downregulation of CXCR4 expression on plasma cells, triggering their egress...

NEW online: Highlight of an @cp-immunity.bsky.social paper by @lab-of-plasma-cell.bsky.social showing that intermittent fasting in mice impairs the maintenance of humoral memory by depleting long-lived plasma cells.

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HIV broadly neutralizing antibody escape dynamics drive the outcome of AAV-vectored immunotherapy in humanized mice @cp-immunity.bsky.social @ragoninstitute.bsky.social
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MafB as a key transcriptional regulator that directly orchestrates conserved gene networks from mouse to human, thereby sustaining macrophage function and multi-organ tissue homeostasis @cp-immunity.bsky.social
www.cell.com/immunity/ful... @dovneste.bsky.social

Review @cp-immunity.bsky.social
Immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: From mechanisms to therapies
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Pleased to share our work on late-invading germinal center B cells in @cp-immunity.bsky.social By developing a new dual-recombinase fate-mapping reporter system, we show that late-entry GC B cells preferentially differentiate into memory B cells that recognizing subdominant epitopes.

Effector differentiation by stem-like intraepithelial γδ T cells is required for host defense against infection TCRγδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (γδIELs) are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, yet their functional regulation remains incompletely u…

Effector differentiation by stem-like intraepithelial γδ T cells is required for host defense against infection

#gdTcells @cp-immunity.bsky.social

A longitudinal study of children identifies antibody Fc-mediated functions and antigen targets of immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria Understanding immunity against Plasmodium vivax, a leading cause of malaria, will accelerate development of vaccines, which are currently lagging. Opi et al. identify important mechanisms and target antigens of protective P. vivax immunity in children, including combinations of responses that afford greater protection, revealing pathways for vaccine development.

Online now: A longitudinal study of children identifies antibody Fc-mediated functions and antigen targets of immunity to Plasmodium vivax malaria

B lymphocytes that enter the germinal center late preferentially differentiate into memory cells that recognize subdominant epitopes Using a dual-recombinase fate-mapping system to trace late-entry invader B cells in germinal centers, Zhou et al. show that across vaccination and influenza infection, invaders preferentially generate memory B cells, whose antibodies target subdominant epitopes. Their findings suggest that invader B cells—late arrivals to the GC—are an important source of immune memory diversification.

Online now: B lymphocytes that enter the germinal center late preferentially differentiate into memory cells that recognize subdominant epitopes

New research co-led by WEHI and @burnetinstitute.bsky.social has identified important mechanisms and target antigens of protective P. vivax immunity in children, revealing pathways for vaccine development.

Published in @cp-immunity.bsky.social

www.wehi.edu.au/news/study-r...

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MafB is a conserved transcriptional regulator of macrophage development and functional identity across tissues and species Resident macrophage maturation and tissue-specific identity depend on transcriptional programming, yet how conserved regulators universally drive these programs remains unresolved across tissues. Vanneste et al. identify MafB as a key transcriptional regulator that directly orchestrates conserved gene networks from mouse to human, thereby sustaining macrophage function and multi-organ tissue homeostasis.

Online now: MafB is a conserved transcriptional regulator of macrophage development and functional identity across tissues and species

Immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: From mechanisms to therapies @cp-immunity.bsky.social www.cell.com/immunity/ful...

Immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: From mechanisms to therapies Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is driven by dynamic interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. Colonna, Chen, and Holtzman review recent advances in the genetic and mechanistic understanding of how microglia and T cells shape AD progression, and discuss how immunotherapeutic strategies must incorporate temporal and biological precision to modify neurodegeneration.

Online now: Immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: From mechanisms to therapies

Oxidative-stress-induced telomere instability drives T cell dysfunction in cancer (Immunity 58, 2524–2540.e1–e5; October 14, 2025)

Online now: Oxidative-stress-induced telomere instability drives T cell dysfunction in cancer

Sensory neuron production of substance P and TAFA4 promotes disease tolerance during viral infection Neuroimmune interactions shape host responses to infection, but the molecular role of sensory neurons during viral infection remains unclear. Roger et al. show that HSV-1-activated sensory neurons pro...

#EveryCellIsAnImmuneCell! Ugolini, Roger &co show @cp-immunity.bsky.social that herpes simplex virus #HSV1 activates sensory #neurons that produce the neuropeptide SP to limit neutrophil influx, & TAFA4 that drives IL-10 by macrophages, overall fostering disease tolerance!

HIV broadly neutralizing antibody escape dynamics drive the outcome of AAV-vectored immunotherapy in humanized mice Broadly neutralizing antibodies are promising therapeutics for ending the HIV pandemic; however, their clinical efficacy is undermined by viral escape. Galvez, Nitido, et al. could drive the therapeutic outcomes of vectored immunotherapy in humanized mice by modulating the fitness costs and resistance benefits of HIV escape from AAV-vectored bNAbs.

Online now: HIV broadly neutralizing antibody escape dynamics drive the outcome of AAV-vectored immunotherapy in humanized mice

Sensory neuron production of substance P and TAFA4 promotes disease tolerance during viral infection Neuroimmune interactions shape host responses to infection, but the molecular role of sensory neurons during viral infection remains unclear. Roger et al. show that HSV-1-activated sensory neurons produce substance P and TAFA4, which act in a tissue-specific manner to modulate inflammation and promote disease tolerance without affecting viral clearance.

Online now: Sensory neuron production of substance P and TAFA4 promotes disease tolerance during viral infection

I'm thrilled to share that the first paper from my PhD is out today in @cp-immunity.bsky.social!
Here, we investigated how phagocytes, such as macrophages, handle microplastics (MPs) during their normal functions.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Those who know me, know I’m not someone who changes his preferences & behaviors lightly. As Ron Swanson said, “I regret nothing. The end.” Well, let me tell you about our new study, out from The Perry Lab @mskcancercenter.bsky.social in @cp-immunity.bsky.social, which is the exception. /1

Effector differentiation by stem-like intraepithelial γδ T cells is required for host defense against infection γδIELs are essential for intestinal homeostasis, but how their differentiation and cytotoxic function are regulated remains unclear. Xie et al. demonstrate two functionally distinct γδIEL subsets, CD160+TCF1+BCL6+ stem-like and GZMB+BLIMP1+ effector-like cells, and show that Salmonella infection promotes IL-12/TCR-STAT4-BLIMP1 signaling to drive effector differentiation and cytotoxicity, linking γδIEL responses to microbial-derived cues for protective gut immunity.

Online now: Effector differentiation by stem-like intraepithelial γδ T cells is required for host defense against infection

Polystyrene microplastic-induced pathophysiology is driven by disruption of efferocytosis Microplastics pose a substantial threat to human health, but their effect on phagocytosis is unknown. Codo et al. find that polystyrene microplastics accumulate in different types of tissue-resident phagocytes, disrupting homeostatic clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and fungal phagocytosis. Disrupted efferocytosis was caused by methylglyoxal (MGO) glycation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase but was reversed by overexpression of the MGO detoxification glyoxalase-1.

Online now: Polystyrene microplastic-induced pathophysiology is driven by disruption of efferocytosis

Polystyrene microplastic-induced pathophysiology is driven by disruption of efferocytosis @cp-immunity.bsky.social
www.cell.com/immunity/ful... @justinperryphd.bsky.social @weillcornell.bsky.social @mskcancercenter.bsky.social

Antibody-mediated feedback modulates interclonal competition in the germinal center Antibodies generated by prior immune responses regulate B cell responses upon recall immunization. Barbulescu et al. examine whether antibodies produced by an ongoing immune response influence the outcomes of contemporaneous germinal centers (GCs) and find that antibody-mediated feedback dampens the expansion of GC B cells with competing specificities, thereby regulating immunodominance and clonal diversity in GCs.

Online now: Antibody-mediated feedback modulates interclonal competition in the germinal center

Fasting impairs humoral immunological memory by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated depletion of plasma cells Vaccine-induced long-lived plasma cells protect the host by secreting neutralizing antibodies, yet the mechanism regulating their lifespan remains unclear. Here, Zhu et al. reveal that fasting depletes long-lived plasma cells and thus impairs humoral immunological memory.

Online now: Fasting impairs humoral immunological memory by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated depletion of plasma cells