Center for Global Sustainability

Green agricultural land surrounded by forests. A text overlay reads, "Business permitting reforms in Indonesia may pose new deforestation risks. A Center for Global Sustainability analysis finds the policies will impact community and individual land owners, as well as those hoping to protect forests."

In response to updated business policies in Indonesia, a new CGS policy brief examines regulatory reforms and finds new policies will streamline processes while posing challenges for community and individual land owners as well as those hoping to protect forests: go.umd.edu/IndonesiaPermitting

A wind turbine with the text, "Subnational actors can help Mexico reach its climate goals."

A chart showing that potential interactions between authority levels can allow for stronger cross-institutional and multi-level policy dialogue in the environmental sector.

How can Mexico achieve greater climate ambition?
A report by CGS, WWF Mexico, & Tempus Analitica presents high-ambition, economy-wide pathways to reduce Mexico’s greenhouse gas emissions by 47-51% by 2035, and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

Learn more: go.umd.edu/Mexico2035Ambition

Agricultural fields and a forest with a volcano in the background alongside the text, "Indonesia's business permitting reforms may accelerate high-risk projects. A Center for Global Sustainability analysis shows how."

New policy brief 📣
@ctrglobsust.bsky.social's new analysis details the evolution of Indonesia’s business permitting policies, finding that new deregulation has streamlined systems but raise new obstacles for community land owners: go.umd.edu/IndonesiaPermitting

Thank you to the CGS team and to our valued partners around the world who have made CGS what it is today.

Stay tuned as we continue to feature CGS’s expertise and impact throughout 2026!

A man dressed professionally gestures while speaking in front of a cake while people sit and listen around him.

An aerial view of a cake with white frosting and yellow frosted flowers. "Cheers to 10 years of CGS" is written in red frosting.

Today, @ctrglobsust.bsky.social celebrates 10 years of high-impact research and policy engagement, working alongside communities and governments at all levels to support science-informed action on climate, energy, and sustainability.

The text, "Research finds enhanced subnational action and a reengaged federal government can cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by up to 56% by 2035" with a figure showing different pathways for greenhouse gas emissions reductions.

As the federal government continues to rollback climate efforts, states can fill the gap. An @ctrglobsust.bsky.social and @americaisallin.com in report finds that the US can cut emissions by 56% by 2035 with enhanced subnational action and a reengaged federal government: go.umd.edu/USPathwaysTo2035

A report, co-authored by CGS Associate Research Prof. @gidden.bsky.social, takes stock of how #G20 countries are preparing to scale #CDR, finding credible plans are needed to stay aligned with Paris-consistent pathways. Read the report, translated into 6 languages: www.stateofcdr.org/insight-repo...

Infographic titled "Key Mitigation Strategies to Achieve a 46-49% reduction in Indonesia's GHG Emission by 2035 Include:" with images of renewable energy, trees, a recycling symbol, and factory icons alongside the text, "Accelerating solar and wind buildout; Bolstering reforestation and rehabilitation targets; Improving municipal solid waste (MSW) management; Higher emission standards for key industries (i.e. mining)".

As a key producer of critical minerals, Indonesia's clean energy transition is key to keeping global climate goals alive.

A @ctrglobsust.bsky.social report outlines how Indonesia can achieve 46-49% GHG reductions by 2035 through high-ambition, economy-wide actions: go.umd.edu/Indonesia2035Ambition

An aerial view of a mining site surrounded by mountainous forests and water. On the left side, the text, "Indonesia is shifting its nickel strategy. Center for Global Sustainability's new dataset and policy brief offer comprehensive and verified data that offer insights into key trends from 106 nickel smelter sites."

Eyes are on the nickel industry in Indonesia as major economies seek critical minerals. As the country navigates changes to its nickel production, CGS's nickel smelter dataset provides valuable insights to balance growth and mitigation: go.umd.edu/NickelSmelter

A large parking lot of electric vehicles with the text, "Most of China's provinces and cities are on track to meet or exceed New Energy Vehicle targets. The Center for Global Sustainability's analysis tracks successes and challenges."

As China's CO2 emissions begin to decline, understanding its decarbonization strategies can help inform future steps. @ctrglobsust.bsky.social's recent report assesses China’s progress in the transition to new energy vehicles (NEVs): go.umd.edu/ChinasEVHorizon

A new study in Energy Research and Social Science examines how governments shape ownership in China’s renewable energy development, finding wind power permitting decisions vary with local governments’ fiscal pressures and perceived risk of corruption.

Learn more: doi.org/10.1016/j.er...

A city experiencing strong smog with a skyline alongside text that reads, "Federal clean energy rollbacks impact the health of communities across the United States. In 2035, rollbacks will contribute to 22,800 additional deaths annually compared to current policies and 10% higher annual PM2.5 concentration compared to current policies."

A previous CGS report found U.S. federal climate rollbacks can cause significant negative economic and health impacts, including:
- a $1.1 trillion ⬇️ in GDP by 2035
- 22,800 deaths from increased PM2.5 by 2035
- $206 ⬆️ in 🏠 energy costs in 2035\

go.umd.edu/ImpactsofFedClimateRollbacks

Black text over a transparent white box that reads, "Explore a first-of-its-kind database tracking Indonesia's Nickel Smelters; Access data relating to operation status, facility ownership, metal processing output, facility location, and energy sources."

As countries like the U.S. look to build #CriticalMineral stockpiles, transparency in Indonesia's nickel reserves will be important to identify opportunities for growth and impact mitigation. @CtrGlobSust's nickel smelter dataset fills the gap with new insights: go.umd.edu/NickelSme...

Electric heavy duty vehicles with the text, "Maryland must implement regulations in line with the Advanced Clean Trucks Act. A report, co-authored by The Center for Global Sustainability, shows how the state can do so."

While the U.S. looks to roll back #VMT standards for heavy-duty vehicles, Maryland continues its plans to implement regulations aligned with California’s Advanced Clean Trucks rules. A report co-authored by @ctrglobsust.bsky.social shows how it can be done: go.umd.edu/MDAdvance...

An outline of the U.S. with the text, "Key policy levers to deliver up to 56% GHG emissions reductions by 2035 in the U.S.: Accelerated buildout of renewable energy; Implementing electric vehicle (EV) tax credits; Removing barriers for near-term clean energy deployment; Bans on routine flaring and venting; Adoption of zero-emission appliance and construction standards paired with more ambitious efficiency standards."

U.S. non-federal actors can support a 56% GHG emissions cut with:
💡Accelerated buildout of renewable energy
🚗EV tax credits and low carbon fuel standards
🚧 New standards on oil and gas methane
Read America Is All In’s analysis led by @ctrglobsust.bsky.social: go.umd.edu/USPathway...

An outline of China with the text, "How has China's New Energy Vehicle transition developed from 2021-2025?" along with corresponding icons and the text, "New Energy Vehicle (NEV) markets have expanded rapidly despite phase out of purchase subsidies; Regional variation in NEV adoption progress exists, but most provinces and cities are on track to meet NEV goals; China has built the world's largest public charging network but is mostly concentrated in eastern cities."

China is the global leader in the adoption and production of new energy vehicles (NEVs). A new @ctrglobsust.bsky.social report analyzes China's NEV transition, offering insights into how countries can decarbonize their transport sectors and foster industrial growth: go.umd.edu/ChinasEVHorizon

An aerial view of a mining site surrounded by mountainous forests and water. On the left side, the text, "Indonesia is shifting its nickel strategy. Center for Global Sustainability's new dataset and policy brief offer comprehensive and verified data that offer insights into key trends from 106 nickel smelter sites."

A @ctrglobsust.bsky.social dataset takes comprehensive stock of existing nickel smelters and finds most have complex ownership structures and remain heavily reliant on captive coal power.

Learn more: go.umd.edu/NickelSmelter

A blue lake surrounded by snow-capped mountains and trees with the text, "Canada's new economic and policy changes will impact the country's climate future. The Center for Global Sustainability's modeling shows how."

Against the backdrop of new Canadian leadership and climate priorities, a @ctrglobsust.bsky.social's report examines 5 climate scenarios with varying levels of ambition, including a high-ambition scenario for Canada to achieve its NDCs and reach net-zero by 2050: go.umd.edu/Canada203...

An aerial view of Korea with the text, "Korea can achieve 60% emissions reductions by 2035. A CGS, KAIST, and SNU analysis offers key action items to inform a high-ambition climate pathway."

How can #Korea achieve the upper range of its 2035 #NDC?

Research by @ctrglobsust.bsky.social and KAIST details how reducing GHG emissions by 60% by 2035 will require coordinated action across all levels of government, among other stakeholders: go.umd.edu/RepublicofKorea2035Ambition

A large parking lot of electric vehicles with the text, "Most of China's provinces and cities are on track to meet or exceed New Energy Vehicle targets. The Center for Global Sustainability's analysis tracks successes and challenges."

What progress has China made towards meeting its new energy vehicle (NEV) targets?

CGS's recent report finds China’s NEV market penetration rate rose by 20.4% from 2022 to 2024, and most provinces and cities are on track to meet or exceed 2025 NEV targets: go.umd.edu/ChinasEVH...

Black text over a transparent white box that reads, "Explore a first-of-its-kind database tracking Indonesia's Nickel Smelters; Access data relating to operation status, facility ownership, metal processing output, facility location, and energy sources."

Indonesia's nickel refining capacity is on the rise, growing 10% each year.

As nickel processing ramps up in Indonesia, @ctrglobsust.bsky.social launched an extensive dataset of nickel smelter projects to help identify opportunities for growth and mitigation: go.umd.edu/NickelSme...

A long hallway in a data center with the text, "Data centers are changing electricity demand in the United States; 8-15% of U.S. electricity demand is projected to come from data centers in 2035."

With growing energy demand by data centers, US climate strategy must consider ways to address industry needs.

America Is All In’s report led by @ctrglobsust.bsky.social assesses electricity load growth under a US pathway to achieve a 56% emissions cut by 2035: go.umd.edu/USPathway...

A solar farm next to a volcano surrounded by forest with a translucent white box over it reading, "Center for Global Sustainability's new analysis showcases how Indonesia can achieve: 46-49% GHG emissions reduction by 2035 and net-zero emissions by 2060."

As a major emerging economy, Indonesia's clean energy transition is key to keeping global climate goals alive.

A @ctrglobsust.bsky.social report outlines how Indonesia can achieve 46-49% GHG reductions by 2035 through high-ambition, economy-wide actions: go.umd.edu/Indonesia...

An article in Energy and Climate Change journal titled, "Net-zero for Canada: An open-method modeling approach"

Is Canada on track to meet its net-zero GHG emissions goals?
A study in Energy and Climate Change, co-authored by CGS researchers, finds Canada will need to make major technological advancements across all economic sectors to reach its net-zero goals: doi.org/10.1016/j.eg...

Black text over a transparent white box that reads, "Explore a first-of-its-kind database tracking Indonesia's Nickel Smelters; Access data relating to operation status, facility ownership, metal processing output, facility location, and energy sources."

To meet the world's energy transition needs, demand for nickel will grow 20% by 2040.

As Indonesia ramps up nickel processing, @CtrGlobSust offers an extensive dataset of nickel smelter projects to help identify opportunities for growth and mitigation: go.umd.edu/NickelSmelter

An outline of China on a blue map with the text, "China can achieve a 27-31% reduction in GHG emissions by 2035 by pursuing high-ambition climate policies. China has committed to a 7-10% GHG emission reduction by 2035 in their newest NDC."

The electricity and industry sectors dominate China's overall GHG emissions, but key measures outlined on CGS's Country Climate Ambition website can support China in achieving a 27-31% reduction in GHG emissions by 2035. Explore the analysis: country-ambition.cgs...

Outline of the State of Pennsylvania with the words "Pennsylvania" written above. In the outline is written, "Federal clean energy policy rollbacks will negatively impact public health in Pennsylvania".

An illustration of a coal mine and river with the text, "Previously a coal-heavy economy, Pennsylvania experiences water pollution from abandoned mines. Indiana County, Pennsylvania received $6.3 million in federal funds for abandoned mine remediation."

Federal clean energy policy rollbacks, including EPA regulations, will have negative health and economic impacts across the US. A CGS analysis finds the rollbacks will lead to a 10% increase in premature deaths in 2035 in #Pennsylvania: http://go.umd.edu/Im...

Black text over a transparent white box that reads, "Explore a first-of-its-kind database tracking Indonesia's Nickel Smelters; Access data relating to operation status, facility ownership, metal processing output, facility location, and energy sources."

How has Indonesia expanded its nickel processing capabilities? @ctrglobsust.bsky.social's Nickel Smelter Dataset improves transparency and traceability of nickel smelter projects in Indonesia, offering insights as critical mineral demand grows: go.umd.edu/NickelSme...

The outline of Mexico with the text, "How can Mexico achieve a 47-51% GHG emissions reduction by 2035?" Below the header text reads, "Ramping up solar and wind energy shares while phasing out coal and gas; Implementing sustainable agricultural practices for rice and livestock cultivation; and Accelerating the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) and building up EV infrastructure."

How can Mexico achieve greater climate ambition?

A CGS, WWF Mexico & Tempus Analitica report finds renewable energy deployment, sustainable agricultural practices, and sustainable transport can support a 47%-51% reduction in GHG emissions by 2035: go.umd.edu/Mexico203...

Two people install a solar panel on a roof with the text, "A Circular Economy Approach to Solar Photovoltaics in Maryland. The State of Maryland must consider the entire lifecycle of solar photovoltaic cells to manage waste and mitigate supply chain risks."

Graphics of people speaking, a PV cell, and recycling with the text, "8 Key Circular Economy Recommendations for solar PV management in Maryland: Increase Stakeholder Engagement; Pursue a Regional Approach; Implement a Landfill Ban; Address Immediate Needs; Support Electronics Recyclers; Leverage Workforce Development Synergies; Embed the Waste Hierarchy; and Revisit Policies Annually."

As the Maryland General Assembly begins, lawmakers are proposing legislation to increase the state's solar production. Learn how Maryland can sustainably align solar waste management w/ circular economy principles alongside expanding infrastructure: go.umd.edu/CircularS...